The "Laboratory" Effect: A Review of Radiologists' Performance and Variability in Clinical and Laboratory Mammography Interpretations in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Mammography interpretation is a critical component of breast cancer detection, and its accuracy significantly impacts patient outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, the demand for mammography exams has increased substantially, posing challenges for radiologists, especially due to the limited number of trained professionals. This study explores the variability in mammography interpretations between clinical and laboratory settings, focusing on the influence of the laboratory environment on radiologists' performance. The objective was to assess the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and overall performance of clinical versus laboratory readings, comparing results across different radiologists. The study highlights the factors contributing to variability, including training, equipment calibration, and institutional protocols. It also underscores the importance of continuous professional development, quality assurance measures, and standardized protocols to reduce discrepancies in interpretation. By examining real-world case studies, the research provides insights into the impact of the laboratory effect and offers recommendations for improving mammography reading consistency. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced training, collaboration, and the integration of advanced technologies like AI-assisted tools to optimize mammography interpretation practices in Saudi Arabia and beyond.